I can't disagree with you. Sometimes throwing an opponent does hurt if you land wrong but very rarely. In competition judo it is the person that initiates the throw and throws the other person on to their back that wins the point. Yes sometimes it can be a bit messy and the thrower ends up awkward BUT you will always find the thrower ends up in the most dominant position since the opponent lands on their back.

Its never going to be pretty. Its never going to look perfect unless its choreagraphed. This is live fighting and as much as you are trying to slam your opponent into the deck he is trying everything in his skillset to counter/turn out/switch. This may offbalance the thrower and sometimes he doesn't execute his technique perferctly so he goes down awkwardly BUT still manages to get the opponent on his back and thus securing the ippon (point)

People landing on their heads can sometimes happen in judo. A competitor breaks balance, goes in for the throw and as he's trying to execute, the opponent reacts and tries the counter. both parties go tumbling down onto their heads BUT the one who lands onto his back will most likely lose the point. If the thrower doesn't score a full point to end the match then a wazari or yuko will be scored and the fight will carry on into groundwork BUT 9 times out of 10 its the initiator of the throw who is in the most dominant position to go for a choke/lock/pin. Against an untrained or less skilled opponent this is not a factor. Ive injured myself whilst throwing an opponent at a comp before and i still won the match with the throw.

Having said all that it is VERY rare. All trained judokas know how to fall properly. Let me assure you at the start of every session we practice Ukemi (breakfalling) religiously for 15 mins before we even get onto technique. LEarning how to fall is the first thing you learn in judo. Only once after you've mastered how to get slammed and not hurt yourself are you then able to participate in randori (sparring).