Often by evolving into something else.
Humans gradually evolved from the first primates which existed tens of millions of years ago, which in turn had evolved from the first small mammals in the late Triassic, which in turn had evolved from synapsids which were around in the Permian and late Carboniferous.
But if something had killed off those ancestors, we wouldn't exist.
But when you kill the last individuals of a species, genera or clade of living creatures, you destroy the future.
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